Thực hiện phép tính:
a) \(\frac{{24{y^5}}}{{7{x^2}}}.\left( { - \frac{{12{y^3}}}} \right)\);
b) \( - \frac{{36{y^3}}}{{15{x^4}}}.\left( { - \frac{{45{x^2}}}{{9{y^3}}}} \right)\);
c) \(\frac{{{x^2} - {y^2}}}{{{x^2}}}.\frac{{{x^4}}}{{{{\left( {x + y} \right)}^2}}}\);
d) \(\frac{{{x^2} - 1}}.\frac}\).