Read the following passage about e-waste and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22

Read the following passage about e-waste and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Modern electronic devices might look clean on the outside, but inside they contain a lot of materials used in manufacture which may be dangerous to human health. Most of these substances can be removed safely, but a lot of investment in waste-handling equipment is needed to do so. Many countries have refused to make the investment and instead simply shipped their e-waste abroad, usually to developing nations. There, instead of being properly processed, (18) _______.

So what can we do about it? The first thing to do is recognise the problem. The electronics revolution of the past 30 years (19) _______, with its chimneys pouring out very obvious dirt. Compared with that, it has seemed clean and green. But we have gradually come to realise that in two ways in particular, modern hi-tech can be bad for the planet too.

The first is its energy use; the worldwide scale of information technology is so enormous that electronics now produce fully two per cent of global carbon emissions, (20) _______. The other is the hardware, when it comes to the end of its natural life. This, increasingly, is pretty short.

(21) _______. In other words, making it the duty of manufacturers of electronic goods to ensure their safe disposal at the end of their lives. In practice, an EU regulation now means that electronics dealers must either take back the equipment they sold you, or help to finance a network of drop-off points, such as council recycling sites.

The new UN report suggests that all countries should start to establish proper e-waste management networks. They could also do something about the problem with a change in design. (22) _______, groups such as Greenpeace have had some success in pushing them to develop non-poisonous alternatives. This may be the real way forward.
Question 18.
A. items are either dumped in unmanaged landfills or broken up in unofficial recycling facilities
B. items are dismantled at unregulated recycling sites, dumping at unmanaged landfills
C. unmanaged landfills have discarded items processed in unofficial recycling operations
D. unmanaged landfills where items are thrown away put them in informal recycling centres
Question 19.
A. having appeared fundamentally unlike the original industrial revolution
B. of which the perception is a distinct type compared to the original industrial revolution
C. that has seemed to differ significantly in nature from the original industrial revolution
D. has seemed different in kind from the original industrial revolution
Question 20.
A. nearly matched the widely criticised levels of emissions from aeroplanes.
B. which is about the same as the highly controversial emissions of aeroplanes
C. equalled to the heavily disputed pollution caused by aeroplanes
D. whose rough equivalence to the much-debated emissions produced by aeroplanes
Question 21.
A. Embracing the principle of producer responsibility, it has called for the EU’s action
B. The EU has recognised the problem by adopting a key principle of producer responsibility
C. But for the principle of producer responsibility, the EU mightn’t acknowledge the issue
D. The EU has adopted producer responsibility as a key principle so that it gains attention
Question 22.
A. Leading the way in pressuring major manufacturing companies to replace toxic chemicals
B. Pressured to lead the way in replacing toxic chemicals in major manufacturing companies
C. Facing pressure to replace toxic chemicals generated by major manufacturing companies
D. Replaced by major manufacturing companies pressured to lead the way in toxic chemicals