We have to ... the hard times hoping that things will change for the better in the future

1. We have to ______ the hard times hoping that things will change for the better in the future.
A. maintain
B. endure
C. persist
D. outlive
2. He was very upset when the boss passed him____________ and promoted a newcomer to the assistant’s job.
A. by
B. up
C. over
D. aside