Samuel started keeping a diary in 1997

11) Samuel started keeping a diary in 1997
=>Samuel has ___________________________________
12)We started learning English fìve years ago.
=>We have ___________________________________
13) I began living in Ho Chi Minh City when I was 8.
=>I have ___________________________________
14) She has taught the children in this remote village for five months
=>She started ___________________________________
15) He has written to me since April.
=>The last time __________________________________