Read the following passage and answer the questions below
It was once believed that being overweight was healthy, but nowadays few people
subscribe to this viewpoint. While many people are fighting the battle to reduce
weight, studies are being conducted concerning the appetitle and how it is controlled
by both emotional and biochemical factors. Some of the conclusions of these studies
may give insights into how to deal with weight prolems. For example, when several
hundred people were asked about their eating habits in times of stress, 44 percent said
they reacted to stressful situations by eating. Further investigations with both humans
and animals indicated that it is not food which relieves tension but rather the act of
chewing.
A test in which subjects were blindfolded showed that obese people have a keener
sense of taste and crave more flavorful food than non-obese people. When deprived of
the variety and intensity of tastes, obese peole are not satisfied and consequently eat
more to fulfill this need. Blood samples taken from people after they were shown a
picture of food revealed that overweight people reacted with an increase in blood
insulin, a chemical associated with appetite. This did not happen to average-weight
people.
In another experiment, results showed that certain people have a specific,
biologically induced hunger for carbohydrates. Eating carbohydrates raise the level of
serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain. Enough serotonin produces a sense of
satiation, and hunger for carbohydrates subsides.
Exercise has been recommended as an important part of a weight-loss program.
However, it has been found that mild exercise, such as using the stairs instead of the
elevator, is better in the long run than taking on a strenuous program, such as jogging,
which many people find difficult to continue over long periods of time and which also
increases appetite.
(Adapted from Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL Test by Jolene Gear)
66. “Subscribe to” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________.
A. disagree with B. agree with C. object to D. like
67. The word” crave” in bold in paragraph 2, can best be replaced with __________.
A. devour B. absorb C. season D. desire
68. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
A. overweight people are tense
B. thin people don’t eat when under stress
C. weight watchers should chew on something inedible when tense
D. 56 percent of the population isn’t overweight
69. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
A. thin people don’t emjoy food
B. a variety of foods and strong flavors satisfy heavy people
C. overweight people have an abnormal sense of taste
D. deprivation of food makes people fat
70. According to the passage, insulin __________.
A. increases in the bloodstream when people eat large amounts of food
B. can be used to lessen the appetite
C. causes a chemical reaction when food is seen
D. levels don’t change in average-weight people who see food
71. It can be inferred that for certain people __________.
A. eating carbohydrates eliminates hunger
B. carbohydrates biologically induce hunger
C. carbohydrates don’t satisfy a hungry person
D. carbohydrates subside when serotonin is produced
72. What can be said about serotonin?
A. It is a chemical that increases the appetite
B. Only certain people produce it in their brains
C. It tells the brain when a person is full
D. It neurotransmits carbohydrates to the brain
73. The word ‘mild’ in the last paragraph can best be replaced with __________.
A. important B. hard C. heavy D. light
74. In order to lose weight, it would be a good idea for heavy people to __________.
A. jog 3 miles daily and chew on carrot sticks
B. walk up stairs and look at pictures of food
C. eat plenty of chewy carbohydrates
D. avoid stressful situations and eat spicy foods
75. Which one of the following exercises might be best for an overweight person to
engage in daily?
A. 10-mile bicycle rides B. cross- country skiing
C. a long swim D. an evening walk
subscribe to this viewpoint. While many people are fighting the battle to reduce
weight, studies are being conducted concerning the appetitle and how it is controlled
by both emotional and biochemical factors. Some of the conclusions of these studies
may give insights into how to deal with weight prolems. For example, when several
hundred people were asked about their eating habits in times of stress, 44 percent said
they reacted to stressful situations by eating. Further investigations with both humans
and animals indicated that it is not food which relieves tension but rather the act of
chewing.
A test in which subjects were blindfolded showed that obese people have a keener
sense of taste and crave more flavorful food than non-obese people. When deprived of
the variety and intensity of tastes, obese peole are not satisfied and consequently eat
more to fulfill this need. Blood samples taken from people after they were shown a
picture of food revealed that overweight people reacted with an increase in blood
insulin, a chemical associated with appetite. This did not happen to average-weight
people.
In another experiment, results showed that certain people have a specific,
biologically induced hunger for carbohydrates. Eating carbohydrates raise the level of
serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain. Enough serotonin produces a sense of
satiation, and hunger for carbohydrates subsides.
Exercise has been recommended as an important part of a weight-loss program.
However, it has been found that mild exercise, such as using the stairs instead of the
elevator, is better in the long run than taking on a strenuous program, such as jogging,
which many people find difficult to continue over long periods of time and which also
increases appetite.
(Adapted from Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL Test by Jolene Gear)
66. “Subscribe to” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________.
A. disagree with B. agree with C. object to D. like
67. The word” crave” in bold in paragraph 2, can best be replaced with __________.
A. devour B. absorb C. season D. desire
68. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
A. overweight people are tense
B. thin people don’t eat when under stress
C. weight watchers should chew on something inedible when tense
D. 56 percent of the population isn’t overweight
69. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
A. thin people don’t emjoy food
B. a variety of foods and strong flavors satisfy heavy people
C. overweight people have an abnormal sense of taste
D. deprivation of food makes people fat
70. According to the passage, insulin __________.
A. increases in the bloodstream when people eat large amounts of food
B. can be used to lessen the appetite
C. causes a chemical reaction when food is seen
D. levels don’t change in average-weight people who see food
71. It can be inferred that for certain people __________.
A. eating carbohydrates eliminates hunger
B. carbohydrates biologically induce hunger
C. carbohydrates don’t satisfy a hungry person
D. carbohydrates subside when serotonin is produced
72. What can be said about serotonin?
A. It is a chemical that increases the appetite
B. Only certain people produce it in their brains
C. It tells the brain when a person is full
D. It neurotransmits carbohydrates to the brain
73. The word ‘mild’ in the last paragraph can best be replaced with __________.
A. important B. hard C. heavy D. light
74. In order to lose weight, it would be a good idea for heavy people to __________.
A. jog 3 miles daily and chew on carrot sticks
B. walk up stairs and look at pictures of food
C. eat plenty of chewy carbohydrates
D. avoid stressful situations and eat spicy foods
75. Which one of the following exercises might be best for an overweight person to
engage in daily?
A. 10-mile bicycle rides B. cross- country skiing
C. a long swim D. an evening walk