Hướng dẫn giải:

Trạng thái 1: \({{\rm{m}}_1},\;{{\rm{V}}_1},\;{{\rm{T}}_1} = 27 + 273 = 300\;{\rm{K}},{{\rm{p}}_1} = 40\) atm: \({{\rm{p}}_1}\;{{\rm{V}}_1} = \frac{{{{\rm{m}}_1}}}{\mu }{\rm{R}}{{\rm{T}}_1}\)

Trạng thái 2: \({{\rm{m}}_2} = \frac{{{{\rm{m}}_1}}}{2},\;{{\rm{V}}_2} = {{\rm{V}}_1},\;{{\rm{T}}_2} = 12 + 273 = 285\;{\rm{K}},{{\rm{p}}_2}\;{{\rm{V}}_2} = \frac{{{{\rm{m}}_2}}}{\mu }{\rm{R}}{{\rm{T}}_2}\)

\( \Rightarrow \frac{{{{\rm{p}}_2}\;{{\rm{V}}_2}}}{{{{\rm{p}}_1}\;{{\rm{V}}_1}}} = \frac{{{{\rm{m}}_2}}}{{\;{{\rm{m}}_1}}} \cdot \frac{{{{\rm{T}}_2}}}{{\;{{\rm{T}}_1}}} \Rightarrow {{\rm{p}}_2} = \frac{{{{\rm{m}}_2}}}{{\;{{\rm{m}}_1}}} \cdot \frac{{{{\rm{T}}_2}}}{{\;{{\rm{T}}_1}}} \cdot \frac{{{{\rm{V}}_1}}}{{\;{{\rm{V}}_2}}} \cdot {{\rm{p}}_1} \Rightarrow {{\rm{p}}_2} = 0,5 \cdot \frac \cdot 1 \cdot 40 = 19\) atm