Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks (from 31 to 35). Stadiums are among the oldest forms of urban architecture: vast stadiums (31) ______ the public could watch sporting events were at the center of western city life as far back as the ancient Greek and Roman Empires, well before the construction of the great medieval cathedrals and the grand 19th- and 20th-century railway stations which ...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks (from 31 to 35).

Stadiums are among the oldest forms of urban architecture: vast stadiums (31) ______ the public could watch sporting events were at the center of western city life as far back as the ancient Greek and Roman Empires, well before the construction of the great medieval cathedrals and the grand 19th- and 20th-century railway stations which dominated urban skylines in later eras. Today, (32) ______, stadiums are regarded with growing skepticism. Construction costs can soar above £1 billion, and stadiums finished for major events such as the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup have notably fallen into disuse and disrepair. But this need not be the cause. History (33) ______ that stadiums can drive urban development and adapt to the culture of (34) ______ age. Even today, architects and planners are finding new ways to adapt the mono-functional sports arenas which became (35) ______ of modernization during the 20th century.

(Adapted from IELTS CAMBRIDGE 17)

Stadiums are among the oldest forms of urban architecture: vast stadiums (31) ______ the public could watch sporting events