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The Dao ethnic group, which has many names such as Dông, Trại, Dìu Miến, and Kim Hằng, has a total population of nearly 1 million people. They live mainly in the northern mountain provinces of Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Lai Chau and Tuyen Quang and the midland provinces of Tho, Vinh Phuc, and Hoa Binh.

A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quân Chế, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh H. Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes a shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewellery. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Viet Nam Museum of Ethnology says: “The Red people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are called Som Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants.”

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

Social development and integration have affected many ethnic minority customs, but the Dao people have maintained their cultural values and in doing so have helped to preserve and promote the culture of Vietnam’s 54 ethnic groups.

1. Which ethnic group is mentioned in the passage?
A. The Viet Kinh B. The Dao C. The Thai D. The Ede

2. Which of the following provinces is NOT mentioned as the place they live in the passage?
A. Ha Giang B. Phu Tho C. Lai Chau D. Ca Mau

3. How is each Dao group easily identified?
A. by their traditions B. by their appearance C. by their language D. Because many groups live in many different localities.

4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. A man wears a long shirt with a line of buttons. B. The Dao ethnic group has a total population of nearly 1.5 million people. C. The Dao speak one language. D. The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to knee.

5. Why are the Dao Quan Chat call Som Đầu?
A. Because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. B. Because a woman’s costume includes a shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. C. Because they are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. D. Because many groups live in many different localities.

SECTION D. WRITING
1. Complete each sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one. (1.5 points)
1. I love listening to country music. I’m keen
2. You are advised not to wear shorts when going to pagodas. You should not
3. No one in my family can speak English more fluently than my father. My father can
4. We will cancel the picnic. The weather will be really bad. If the weather
5. How much does the bronze statue cost?

II. Rearrange the sentences using the following words. (1.5 points)
1. interested / I’m / in / in / make / / my / origami / time.
2. my / always / grandfather. / talking / to / enjoy / I
3. from / my/ house. / My / is / house / father / school / her / than
4. largest / Among / the / the / people / minorities, / ethnic / Tay / the / have / population.
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