Rewrite the sentences without changing their meanings.

1. It started raining at three o’clock. It is still raining now.

à It has.........................................................................................................................................

2. The last time I talked to John was last Christmas.

à They haven’t............................................................................................................................

3. I haven’t written to him since last month.

à It is ..........................................................................................................................................

4. It’s the first time I have seen that man here.

à I have........................................................................................................................................

5.This is her first performance in front of  a large number of people.

=> She hasn't............................................................................................................

6. He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago.

=> He has.................................................................................................................

7. It has been 5 years since we first flew to Singapore.

=> We have................................................................................................................

8. I last had my hair cut in November.

=> I haven't................................................................................................................

9. The last time we called each other was 5 months ago.

=> We haven't.............................................................................................................

10. Laura hasn't come back her homeland for ages.

=> It is.............................................................................................................

11. When did you have it?

=> How long...........................................................................................................?

12. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.

=> I have never................................................................................................................

13. I haven't seen him for 8 days.

=> The last................................................................................................................

14. To day is Saturday. I haven't taken a bath since Wednesday.

=> It is........................................................................................................................

15. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it.

    He ………………………………………………………………………………………….

16. Rachel is from Australia. She is traveling around Europe at the moment. She began her trip three   months ago.

   She .................................................................... for three months.

17. When they left college, Lisa and Sue started making films together. They still make films.

   They ..............................................................films since they left college. (make)

18. When she heard the results of the competition, Jane began to feel extremely delighted.

   Since hearing the result ____________________________________________________________.

19. How long has you and Peter known each other?

   When___________________________________________________________________________?

20. It's a long time since my last conference participation.

   I ______________________________________________________________________________

. Rewrite the sentences using  participle or gerund.

1.      Because he had drunk too much beer, he didn't drive home himself.

_____________________________________________________________________________

2.      When Jenny saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road.

____________________________________________________________________________havn

3.      As he has an assignment to finish, he cannot come with you.

_____________________________________________________________________________

4.      Because he hadn't studied hard enough for his exam, Tom couldn't pass it.

_____________________________________________________________________________

5.      After she had been told to do her homework, Mary sat on the desk.

________________________________________________________________________________

6.      She had not slept for two days; therefore, she wasn't able to concentrate.

_____________________________________________________________________________

7.      Keith spent a lot of time filling in job application forms because he was unemployed.  ______________________________________________________________________

8.      She didn't know where the theater was, so she asked for directions at the hotel reception.

_____________________________________________________________________________

9.      They had spent his childhood in Oslo so they knew the city well.

____________________________________________________________________________n

10.  Although it had been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area.

_____________________________________________________________________________

11.  The teacher was impressed by John's work, so she gave him a present.

_____________________________________________________________________________

12.  Because I didn't want to lose my passport, I gave it to my father.

_____________________________________________________________________________

13.  Tom said that he would take responsibility for the project's progress. But then he denied that.

_____________________________________________________________________________

14.  Someone had stolen her expensive ring. Tom admitted that he had done it.

Tom admitted __________________________________________________________________

15.  Someone had dumped tons of untreated toxic waste into the river. The police suspected NUT company of doing it.

The police suspected ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

16.  The world’s largest IT companies have powered their operations with 100 percent renewable energy. We admire them for that.

We admire___________________________________________________________________

17.  Greenpeace had supplied all public school districts with 100 percent renewable energy. Local communities in North Califorlia thanked the organisation for that.

      Local communities ______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

18.  The storm had caused significant damage to the crops in Hai Phong. Local people in Ben Tre blamed it for that damage.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

19.  They decided to cut down their carbon footprints. They were praised for that.

_____________________________________________________________________________

20.  We have advised you on how to cut down your energy use. We remember that.

_____________________________________________________________________________

21.  He said that he would take responsibility for his company's damage to the area. But then he denied that.

_____________________________________________________________________________

22.   Some scientists have distorted the effects of climate change. They were accused of that.

_____________________________________________________________________________