In 2016, the capital’s authorities made great efforts to remove congestion horn 20 out of 44 sites across the city; however, currently, the number of such sites has increased to 41. In streets towards the centre, arterial roads and areas around bus stops, traffic congestion always occurs during peak hours.

According to the experts, there are many reasons for traffic jams, including inconsistent transport infrastructure. In addition, the progress of the construction of urban railway lines is very slow, creating difficulties for traffic. It can be seen that the number of personal vehicles in Hanoi has increased rapidly. There are now more than 5.045 million motorcycles, an average increase of 7.66% over the 2010-2015 period; over 546,000 cars of all kinds, up 12.9%; over 1 million bicycles; and over 10,000 electric bikes in Hanoi. Meanwhile, the development pace of transport infrastructure in the city only reached an average of 3.9% per year. The imbalanced development of personal transport vehicles and transport infrastructure has led to increasingly serious traffic jams.

Furthermore, more urban areas and high-rise buildings have been constructed, with a very high population density, putting pressure on transport infrastructure.

The problem of urban transport requires drastic, urgent, and synchronous measures from the Government, ministry, agencies, and the city. It is highly essential to strictly comply with and implement urban planning as well as to set out plans to limit the ownership of personal vehicles. The Government should have a special mechanism for Hanoi to accelerate the investment and implementation of urgent transport projects as well as to authorise the city to select investors for important and urgent public-private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects.

21.

It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that __________.

A. the government has taken effective measures to reduce traffic jam

B. despite the government’s efforts, traffic congestion is not improving but worsening

C. traffic jam is an alarming problem in big cities

D. there are more and more transportations, which results in traffic jam

22.

According to the passage, what can lead to traffic jams?

A. Faulty traffic lights                                    B. Obstacles in the road

C. Inconsistent transport infrastructure    D. More industrial zones

23.

What has caused increasingly serious traffic jams?

A. Slow construction of urban railway lines

B. More urban areas and high-rise buildings

C. Very high population density

D. Imbalanced development of private vehicles and transport infrastructure

24.

What can be done to reduce traffic congestion?

A. Putting pressure on transport infrastructure

B. Setting out plans to limit the ownership of personal vehicles

C. Decreasing the investment of urgent transport projects

D. Moving the industrial factories to the countryside

25.

The word “authorise” in paragraph 5 could be replaced by................

A. approve                                            B. empower

C. support                                             D. provide