1. Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể)

S + say(s)/ said + (that) + S + V

* (says/ say to + O à tells / tell + O) and (said to + O à told + O).

Eg: He said to me”I haven’t finished my work”

à He told me he hadn’t finished his work.

2. Reported questions (Tường thuật dạng câu hỏi).

a. Yes/ No questions:

S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/ weather + S + V

E.g: ”Are you angry?” he asked à He asked if/ whether I was angry.

(Chuyển câu hỏi ở câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, chủ ngữ, tân ngữ...)

b. Wh - questions:

S + asked (+O)/ wanted to know/ wondered + Wh– words + S + V.

* says/ say to + O à asks/ ask + O.

said to + O à asked + O.

Eg. ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher.

The teacher asked us what we were talking about.

3. Reported commands (Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh)

* Khẳng định: S + told + O + to- infinitive.

Eg. “Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said

Tom told Mary to wait for him there.

* Phủ định: S + told + O + not to + V(infinitive).

Eg.”Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said to us.

--> The teacher told us not to talk in class.