a) (3x + 4) / (x³y²) - (4 - x) / (x³y²)
= (3x + 4 - (4 - x)) / (x³y²)
= (3x + 4 - 4 + x) / (x³y²)
= (4x) / (x³y²)
= 4 / (x²y²)
b) 1 / (x - 1) - (5x - 4) / (x² - x)
= 1 / (x - 1) - (5x - 4) / (x(x - 1))
= x / (x(x - 1)) - (5x - 4) / (x(x - 1))
= (x - (5x - 4)) / (x(x - 1))
= (x - 5x + 4) / (x(x - 1))
= (-4x + 4) / (x(x - 1))
= -4(x - 1) / (x(x - 1))
= -4 / x
c) (x² + 2) / (x³ + 1) - 1 / (x + 1)
= (x² + 2) / ((x + 1)(x² - x + 1)) - 1 / (x + 1)
= (x² + 2) / ((x + 1)(x² - x + 1)) - (x² - x + 1) / ((x + 1)(x² - x + 1))
= (x² + 2 - (x² - x + 1)) / ((x + 1)(x² - x + 1))
= (x² + 2 - x² + x - 1) / ((x + 1)(x² - x + 1))
= (x + 1) / ((x + 1)(x² - x + 1))
= 1 / (x² - x + 1)
d) x / (xy - y²) - (y - 2x) / (xy - x²)
= x / (y(x - y)) - (y - 2x) / (-x(x - y))
= x / (y(x - y)) + (y - 2x) / (x(x - y))
= x² / (xy(x - y)) + y(y - 2x) / (xy(x - y))
= (x² + y² - 2xy) / (xy(x - y))
= (x - y)² / (xy(x - y))
= (x - y) / (xy)