II. Put the words in the table in the correct column according to their stress pattern.

illegal                celebrate       available           festival         consumption        electric

performance     performer      generate           effective           imagine         convenient

exhausted        comfortable      library        improvement        relative           fortunate

General rules (stress on 1st syllable for the noun, and stress on the 2nd for the verb)

Exceptions (the noun and the verb have the same stress pattern)

……………………………………………….

……………………………………………….

……………………………………………….       ……………………………………………….

………………………………………………

………………………………………………

………………………………………………

………………………………………………

B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

I. Match the word or phrase with their meaning and write the answer in each blank.

Answers

A

B

1. slump

A. the number of people in a place in relation to its area

2. overpopulation

B. a market usually held outdoors

3. overcrowded

C. a very large city, typically one with a population of over 10 million

4. malnutrition

D. the sudden increase in the number of people in the country or in the world

5. poverty

E. an area of a city where living conditions are extremely bad

6. megacity

F. with too many people

7. destiny

G. large in size

8. spacious

H. the state of having very little money

9. flea market

I. a situation in which too many people live in a certain area

10. population explosion

J. bad health that is the result of not having enough food

II. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.

Fr              drought           megacity          healthcare            peaceful               shortage

S                 growth              crime              earnings              disease          accommodation

1. The first symptom of the ________________ is a very high temperature.

2. The long hot summer has led to serious water____________ .

3. To have hundreds of homeless people sleeping in the streets of a rich city like London is a____________

4. Average ____________  for skilled workers are rising.

5. We lived in rented____________  before buying this house.

6. ____________has affected many countries in Africa a long period of dry weather.

7. Nuclear power can be used for ____________  or military purposes.

8. The government is trying to limit population____________ .

9. A ____________  is a very large city with big population.

10. ____________workers who offer medical care to others are some of the lowest paid people in the country.

D. Read the text and answer the questions below.

      Approximately one-sixth of the world’s population now live in shanty towns, which are seen as “breeding grounds” for social problem such as crime, drug  addiction, alcoholism, poverty and unemployment.

      The development of megacities bring enormous challenges to governments, social and environmental planners, architects, engineers and the inhabitants of the megacities. Just one example: the London population grew from one million to eight million people in 150 years, while the population of Mexico City grew from one million to over 15 million people in only 50 years.

      No wonder, that the increasing number of people live in cities creates more demands, in areas such as housing and services. The destruction of our environment and poverty are two other concerns, which city administrations have to take care of.

      Megacities influence a variety of living conditions for citizens. Although traffic jams, poor air quality and increasing health risks, make life in megacities more difficult, people continue to choose to live there. Therefore it is essential, that more government programmes are carried out in order to help improve living conditions for the inhabitants of metropolitan areas.

      However, megacities also offer great chances: they offer opportunities to look for jobs, especially for young people. According to the authority, Mexico City and São Paulo produce around 50% of the income of their countries. Bangkok contributes more than 40% to the GDP, although it is home only to 10% of the population of Thailand.

1. What are the social problems in shanty towns?

  ________________________________________                                              

2. What does the development of megacities bring to us?

  ________________________________________                                

3. What are the effects of the overpopulation in megacities?

 ________________________________________                                

4. Why do more people continue to move to megacities?

    ________________________________________                         

5. What do governmentprogrammes try to do?

    ________________________________________              

III. Read the text and answer the questions below.

      Modern cities all over the world face the same problems. One of them is poor housing. People often live in old houses or huts that don’t have electricity or sanitation. As city population grow, governments don’t have the money to build modern  apartment buildings.

      Cars and industries are polluting city air and rivers more and more. Waste that people throw away is burned or ends up in landfills. All of this makes modern cities an unhealthy place to live in.

      Especially during morning and evening rush hours cities become packed with vehicles.Daily traffic jams make it impossible for people to get to work in time.

      City authorities are spending more and more money on public transportation and are taking other steps to reduce traffic in cities.

      Cities of today face many social problems. Crime, alcoholism, and drug addiction is especially high in cities. Many young people are unemployed. Government organizations work hard to get rid of poverty. They try to give such people better education and jobs.

1. Where do poor people live in cities?

      ________________________________________                                     

2. Why can’t governments solve the problem of poor housing?

  ________________________________________                      

3. What makes modern cities an unhealthy place to live in?

    ________________________________________                                  

4. What are social problems that many cities face nowadays?

      ________________________________________                           

5. What do government organizations try to do?

      ________________________________________         
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