----- Nội dung dịch tự động từ ảnh -----
of elderly Americana is expected to increase dramatically. Pelley-makers bave proposed
the anticipated deficit, but a long-term solution is still being
30. A when
A wal
M
37. Aut
38
34.
48
41
42.
43.
44.
A though
AW
Af
A lowed
A for
A.
A with
though
during
31 from
from
B. while
11to
1. for
B. ut
B. of
B. whereas
8. without
C while
C.A
C. in
C. and
C. of
C:00
C.M
Cis
C. even
C. up
Dat
D. forward
D. of
D. but
D. with
D. at
D. 10
D.at
D. when
D. out
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet te indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.
In early civilization, citizens were educated Informally, usually within the family unit
Education meant simply learning to live. As civilization became more complex, however,
education became more formal, structured, and comprehensive. Initial efforts of the ancient
Chinese and Greek societies concentrated solely on the education of males. The post-Babylonian
Jews and Plato were exceptions to this patter. Plato was apparently the first significant advocate
of the equality of the sexes. Women, in his ideal state, would have the same rights and duties and
the same educational opportunities as men. This aspect of Platonic philosophy, however, had little
or no effect on education for many centuries, and the concept of a liberal education for men only.
which had been spaused by Aristode, prevailed
In ancient Rome, the availability of an education was gradually extended to women, but they
were taught separately from men. The early Christians and medieval Europeans continued this
trend, and single-sex schools for the privileged through classes prevalled through the Reformation
period. Gradually, however, education for women, in a separate but equal basis to that provided
for men, was becoming a clear responsibility of society. Martin Luther appealed for civil support
of schools for all children. At the Council of Trent in the 16 century, the Roman Catholic Church
encouraged the establishment of free primary schools for children of all classes. The concept of
universal primary education, regardless of sex, had been born, but it was still in the realm of the
single-sex school
In the late 19 and early 20 centuries, co-education became a more widely applied principle
of educational philosophy, In Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union the education of boys and
girls in the same classes became an accepted practice. Since World War II, Japan and the
Scandinavian countries have also adopted relatively universal co-educational systems. The
greatest negative reaction to co-education has been felt in the teaching systems of the Latin
countries, where the sexes have usually been separated at both primary and secondary levels,
according to local conditions.
A number of studies have indicated that girls seem to perform better overall and in science in
particular. In single-sex classes, during the adolescent years, pressure to conform to stereotypical
female gender roles may disadvantage girls in traditionally male subjects, making them reluctant
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