1. Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature. It is primarily caused by the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which trap heat and prevent it from escaping into space. This leads to a gradual warming of the planet.

2. The main causes of global warming are human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These activities include burning fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, deforestation, industrial processes, and agricultural practices. These actions increase the concentration of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), in the atmosphere.

3. Global warming has various consequences, including:

- Rising temperatures: Average global temperatures are increasing, leading to heatwaves and changes in weather patterns.
- Melting ice and rising sea levels: The warming climate causes glaciers and ice caps to melt, contributing to rising sea levels. This can lead to coastal erosion, flooding, and the loss of habitats for many species.
- Changes in ecosystems: Global warming disrupts ecosystems, affecting plant and animal species. Some species may struggle to adapt or face extinction.
- Extreme weather events: The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires, are increasing due to global warming.
- Impact on human health: Global warming can have adverse effects on human health, including heat-related illnesses, the spread of diseases, and reduced air quality.

4. To reduce global warming, it requires collective efforts from individuals, communities, governments, and industries. Some effective measures include:

- Transition to renewable energy: Promote the use of clean and renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
- Energy efficiency: Improve energy efficiency in buildings, transportation, and industrial processes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
- Sustainable transportation: Encourage the use of public transportation, carpooling, cycling, and walking to reduce carbon emissions from vehicles.
- Forest conservation: Protect and restore forests, as they absorb CO2 and act as carbon sinks.
- Sustainable agriculture: Promote sustainable farming practices that reduce emissions from livestock, improve soil health, and minimize the use of synthetic fertilizers.
- Waste management: Reduce, reuse, and recycle waste to minimize methane emissions from landfills.
- Education and awareness: Raise awareness about the importance of global warming and encourage individuals to make sustainable choices in their daily lives.

It is crucial to take immediate action to mitigate global warming and its impacts to ensure a sustainable future for our planet.