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Exercise 2. Read the passage and then decide whether the statements are True (T) or False (F).

Can a Healthy Lifestyle Alter Your Genes?

Comprehensive lifestyle changes including a better diet and more exercise can lead not only to a better physique, but also to swift and dramatic changes at the genetic level, U.S. researchers said on Monday. In a small study, the researchers tracked 30 men with low-risk prostate cancer who decided against conventional medical treatment such as surgery and radiation or hormone therapy.

The men underwent three months of major lifestyle changes, including eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and soy products, moderate exercise such as walking for half an hour a day, and an hour of daily stress management methods such as meditation. As expected, they lost weight, lowered their blood pressure and saw other health improvements. But the researchers found more profound changes when they compared prostate biopsies taken before and after the lifestyle changes. After the three months, the men had changes in activity in about 500 genes—including 48 that were turned on and 453 genes that were turned off. The activity of disease-preventing genes increased while a number of disease-promoting genes, including those involved in prostate cancer and breast cancer, shut down, according to the study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The research was led by Dr. Dean Ornish, head of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, and a well-known author advocating lifestyle changes to improve health. "It's an exciting finding because so often people say, 'Oh, it's all in my genes, what can I do?' Well, it turns out you may be able to do a lot," Ornish, who is also affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, said in a telephone interview. "In just three months, I can change hundreds of genes simply by changing what I eat and how I live? That's pretty exciting," Ornish said. "The implications of our study are not limited to men with prostate cancer."

1. The study involved 50 men with low-risk prostate cancer who underwent conventional medical treatment.
2. After the lifestyle changes, the men in the study saw improvements in their weight and blood pressure.
3. Comprehensive lifestyle changes can lead to swift and significant changes at the genetic level, according to a small study.
4. Dr. Dean Ornish is a well-known author who advocates lifestyle changes to improve health but was not involved in the study.
5. The study found that disease-promoting genes increased in activity after lifestyle changes.