20. Giải các hệ phương trình sau bằng phương pháp cộng đại số.
a) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 3x + y =3 & & \\ 2x - y = 7 & & \end{matrix}\right.\);            
b) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2x + 5y =8 & & \\ 2x - 3y = 0& & \end{matrix}\right.\);        
c) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 4x + 3y =6 & & \\ 2x + y = 4& & \end{matrix}\right.\);
d) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2x + 3y =-2 & & \\ 3x -2y = -3& & \end{matrix}\right.\);                     
e) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 0,3x + 0,5y =3 & & \\ 1,5x -2y = 1,5& & \end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài giải:
a) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 3x + y =3 & & \\ 2x - y = 7 & & \end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 5x =10 & & \\ 2x -y = 7& & \end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x =2 & & \\ y = 2x-7& & \end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x =2 & & \\ y = -3& & \end{matrix}\right.\)
 b) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2x + 5y =8 & & \\ 2x - 3y = 0& & \end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2x + 5y =8 & & \\ 8y = 8& & \end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2x + 5y =8 & & \\ y = 1& & \end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x =\frac{3}{2} & & \\ y = 1& & \end{matrix}\right.\)
  c) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 4x + 3y =6 & & \\ 2x + y = 4& & \end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 4x + 3y =6 & & \\ 4x + 2y =8& & \end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 4x + 3y =6 & & \\ y = -2& & \end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x =3 & & \\ y = -2& & \end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2x + 3y =-2 & & \\ 3x -2y = -3& & \end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{\begin{matrix} 6x - 9y = -6 & & \\ 6x - 4y = -6& & \end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 6x - 9y = -6 & & \\ -5y = 0& & \end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x = -1 & & \\ y = 0 & & \end{matrix}\right.\)
   e) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 0,3x + 0,5y =3 & & \\ 1,5x -2y = 1,5& & \end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 1,5x + 2,5y=15 & & \\ 1,5x - 2y = 1,5 & & \end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 1,5x + 2,5y=15 & & \\ 4,5y = 13,5 & & \end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 1,5x =15 -2, 5 . 3& & \\ y = 3 & & \end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 1,5x =7,5& & \\ y = 3 & & \end{matrix}\right.\)
  \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x =5& & \\ y = 3 & & \end{matrix}\right.\)