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Urbanization programmes are being carried out in many parts of the world, especially in densely populated religions with limited land and resources. It is the natural outcome of economic development and industrialization. It has brought a lot of benefits to our society. However, it also poses various problems for local authorities and town planners in the process of maintaining sustainable urbanization, especially in developing countries.
When too many people cram into a small area, urban infrastructure can’t be effective. There will be a lack of livable housing, energy and water supply. This will create overcrowded urban districts with no proper facilities.
Currently, fast urbanization is taking place predominantly in developing countries where sustainable urbanization has little relevance to people's lives. Their houses are just shabby slums with poor sanitation. Their children only manage to get basic education. Hence, the struggle for survival is their first priority rather than anything else. Only when the quality of their existence is improved, can they seek for other high values in their life.
Thus, sustainable urbanization in different regions should start from different levels. For more developed regions, the focus could be on achieving a more sustainable urban life. But for less developed regions, urban development should really start with the provision of the basic human needs such as sufficient energy, clean water, housing with proper sanitation, and access to effective social infrastructure.
1. What is the best title of the passage?
    A. Urbanization history    B. Challenges of sustainable urbanization
    C. Benefits of urbanization    D. Causes and effects of urbanization
2. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
    A. The struggle for survival is the most important thing for poor people in developing countries.
    B. Slum dwellers in developing countries understand the meaning of sustainable urbanization.
    C. The children of the poor can get higher education easily with high results.
    D. The advantages of urbanization outweigh its disadvantages.
3. The word “outcome” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.
    A. problem    B. input    C. lack    D. product
4. According to the passage, all the followings are caused by the trend that too many people move into a small area EXCEPT _______.
    A. a shortage of energy    B. a shortage of water supplies
    C. a shortage of health services    D. a shortage of livable housing
5. The word “Their” in paragraph 3 refers to _______.
    A. People living in densely populated regions    B. People living in urban areas
    C. People living in developed regions    D. People living in developing countries