2.2. He has played guitar since he was a child.

−- since (kể từ khi) + S + Ved/c2 (mệnh đề QKĐ)

3.3. The restaurant has recently opened in our neighbourhood.

−- DHNB: recently (gần đây) →→ Thì HTHT

4.4. She has already visted three different countries this year.

−- DHNB: already (đã rồi) →→ Thì HTHT

5.5. I have not received any response to my job application.

−- response to sth: phản hồi cho cái gì

−- 'any' được dùng trong câu phủ định

6.6. Have you ever traveled to a foreign country and experienced its different cultures?

−- travel to swh: đi du lịch đến đâu đó

7.7. She has not achieved her goals despite her efforts.

−- achieve one's goal: đạt được mục tiêu

−- S + V + despite/in spite of (mặc dù) + N/N phr/V-ing