The correct answer is: C. originated

• Originated means "came into existence" or "started." It's the most appropriate word to describe the beginning of water puppetry in the 11th century.
• Begin and start can also be used, but "originated" is more formal and accurately conveys the idea of the art form coming into existence at that time.
• Formed is not the best choice because it typically implies something being created or shaped. Water puppetry didn't just form; it started as a tradition.
• Therefore, "C. originated" is the correct answer.