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**E. READING**

**I. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE.**

Traffic congestion is when vehicles travel at slower speeds because there are more vehicles than the road can handle. This makes trip times longer, and increases queuing. This is also known as a traffic jam. Congestion may result from a decrease in capacity, for example, accidents on the road or roads being closed. Bad road arrangements can also restrict the road's capacity. Increased traffic, for example by many cars leaving a school at the same time, can also cause congestion.

Where congestion is common, for example, because of commuting in big cities, several methods are used to relieve it. Cars may be banned in certain districts or certain times, or made to carry passengers or pay a fee, or people may use public transport, such as metro or subway systems, which travel independently and are not affected by traffic jams.

- queue (v): xếp hàng
- capacity (n): sức chứa

1. Traffic congestion is known as traffic jam.
2. Traffic congestion means there are more vehicles but the road is smaller.
3. It takes vehicles more time to travel in traffic congestion.
4. Traffic accidents aren't one of the causes of traffic congestion.
5. Many vehicles leaving schools at the same time can cause traffic congestion.
6. Traffic congestion is common in big cities.
7. People can do nothing to reduce traffic congestion.
8. Traffic congestion happens with all means of transport, including metro and subway systems.

**II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.**

- light
- roads
- or
- together
- green
- cross
- different
- red
- change
- traffic

Traffic lights, or traffic signals, are lights used to control the movement of (1) . They are placed on (2) at intersections and crossings. The (3) colours of lights tell drivers what to do. Traffic lights change their colours in the same order every time. In most English-speaking countries, traffic lights usually (4) in this order:

- Red light on: this tells drivers to stop.
- Green light on: this means the driver can start driving (5) keep driving.
- Yellow light on: this tells drivers to stop when it is safe to, because the light is about to turn (6) .

In some places, the red and yellow lights can be on the same time. In the United Kingdom, this signals that the (7) is about to turn green. In some parts of the United States, it signals that pedestrians can (8) the road. In many places, traffic signals do not use the red and yellow light at the same time; traffic signals do the same thing (9) to see if it is safe to cross straight from (10) .