To categorize the words based on their pronunciation, we can divide them into the following columns:

### /eɪ/
- gate
- date
- prey
- main
- steak
- guy
- require
- obey
- kite
- eight
- dine
- grey
- side
- tie
- either
- die
- pie
- great
- height
- tail

### /aɪ/
- bike
- like
- guile
- mine
- safe
- quite
- tie
- freight
- neither
- Canadian
- buy
- seismic
- sleight

### /aʊ/
- breaker
- rain
- swine
- twine
- tide
- paint
- guide
- Asian
- preparation
- train
- inquire
- weight

### /ɛ/
- nation
- translation
- the
- main

Please note that some words may have variations in pronunciation depending on regional accents, and the grouping is based on standard pronunciations. Adjustments might be needed based on specific dialects.