Relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, that) are used to connect two independent clauses into one complex sentence. They refer to a noun or pronoun in the previous clause.

1. Aud Lang Syne is a song which is sung on New Year's Eve.

   • "Which" refers back to "song".

2. My friend Tom, who can compose songs, sings western folk songs very well.

   • "Who" refers back to "Tom".

3. My Aunt Judy is the woman who is holding Jack.

   • "Who" refers back to "the woman".

4. Chinese people have a very special kind of soup which is made from...

   • "Which" refers back to "kind of soup".
   • Note: You need to complete this sentence with the specific ingredient or ingredients used to make the soup.

5. A lot of fish which live in the polluted sea died everyday.

   • "Which" refers back to "fish".

6. We have a new teacher whom I really like.

   • "Whom" is used as the object of the verb "like".

1. The boys who are playing in the garden are my cousins.

   • "Who" refers to "boys" and is the subject of the relative clause.

2. He finally married the girl whom he loved.

   • "Whom" refers to "the girl" and is the object of the verb "loved".

3. The flowers which my friend gave me have withered.

   • "Which" refers to "flowers" and is the subject of the relative clause.

4. Mary is the girl whose bicycle was stolen yesterday.

   • "Whose" shows possession and refers to "Mary".

5. The vegetables which Mrs. Green sells are not fresh.

   • "Which" refers to "vegetables" and is the subject of the relative clause.

6. Is this the book which you lost?

   • "Which" refers to "the book" and is the object of the verb "lost".

7. The singer whom you like best is Miss White.

   • "Whom" refers to "the singer" and is the object of the preposition "like".

8. The street which leads to my school is very wide.

   • "Which" refers to "the street" and is the subject of the relative clause.