Exercise 10: Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions.

1. Pollution is harmful to the environment, so we must take action.
2. People should reduce and reuse plastic bottles because they cause pollution, and it harms the planet.
3. If we recycle, pollution levels can decrease significantly, leading to a cleaner environment.
4. Many animals suffer from pollution, as it affects their habitats and food sources.
5. The air is polluted, but we can improve the air quality through collective efforts.
6. Littering causes pollution, which disrupts the balance in ecosystems.
7. Pollution harms aquatic life, and it disrupts the balance in ecosystems.
8. The factories release toxic chemicals, but technology can help reduce their impact on the environment.
9. Using bicycles instead of cars reduces pollution and promotes a healthier lifestyle.
10. Pollution affects everyone, so we must work together to find solutions.

Exercise 11: Identify whether sentences are compound or complex.

1. I like to play soccer, and my sister prefers basketball.
   Compound (two independent clauses joined by "and")

2. After the rain stopped, we went for a walk in the park.
   Complex (independent clause "we went for a walk in the park" and dependent clause "After the rain stopped")

3. She sings beautifully, but she never performs in public.
   Compound (two independent clauses joined by "but")

4. Because it was getting late, we decided to call it a night.
   Complex (independent clause "we decided to call it a night" and dependent clause "Because it was getting late")

5. Jack loves reading books, yet he rarely finds time for it.
   Compound (two independent clauses joined by "yet")

6. My friend missed the bus, so she had to walk to school.
   Compound (two independent clauses joined by "so")

7. Although it was cold outside, they still went swimming in the lake.
   Complex (independent clause "they still went swimming in the lake" and dependent clause "Although it was cold outside")

8. Peter wanted to buy a new car, but he couldn't afford it.
   Compound (two independent clauses joined by "but")

9. Sara studied hard for the exam, which is why she passed with flying colors.
   Complex (independent clause "Sara studied hard for the exam" and dependent clause "which is why she passed with flying colors")

10. He enjoyed the movie so much that he watched it twice.
    Complex (independent clause "He enjoyed the movie so much" and dependent clause "that he watched it twice")

Exercise 12: Combine the sentences and identify if they are compound or complex.

1. The air is polluted. People often have breath problems. →
   The air is polluted, so people often have breath problems.
   Compound (two independent clauses joined by "so")

2. Factories release harmful gases. Factories release harmful gases. →
   Factories release harmful gases, and factories release harmful gases.
   Compound (two independent clauses joined by "and")

3. The water in the river is polluted. Fish cannot live in it. →
   The water in the river is polluted, so fish cannot live in it.
   Compound (two independent clauses joined by "so")